Thursday, September 26, 2019

The "Food Sacrificed to Idols" Controversy, a Contradiction?

Dear Apologist, I was told the New Testament contradicts itself on whether Christians could eat meat which was sacrificed to idols.  Does it?
Back during Apostolic times, much of the meat one would find at market in Gentile lands came from animals which had been sacrificed to false gods.  Christians disagreed about whether it was immoral to buy and eat this meat, having seeming been tainted by involvement with false worship.  The issue is taken up in four locations in the New Testament… with seemingly contradictory conclusions.

Eh, No Big Deal:

Saint Paul addresses the issue in Romans 14 and 1Corinthians 8 and 10.  In both places Paul says there is nothing wrong with eating the meat. He notes that the false gods don’t really exist, the animals really belong to God, and thus the idols have no power to render the meat unclean:
"Hence, as to the eating of food offered to idols, we know that 'an idol has no real existence,' and that 'there is no God but one.' For although there may be so-called gods in heaven or on earth—as indeed there are many 'gods' and many 'lords'— yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist." - 1 Corinthians 8:4-6
"Eat anything sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience, for, 'The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it.'” - 1 Corinthians 10:25
However, he quickly adds that some folks aren’t aware of this and their consciences are bothered by the consumption of meat which was sacrificed to idols.  Paul instructs his audience to go easy on such people, and to not let their consumption of meat be a scandal to them:
"But if someone says to you, 'This has been offered in sacrifice,' then do not eat it, both for the sake of the one who told you and for the sake of conscience.  I am referring to the other person’s conscience, not yours."  - 1 Corinthians 10:28-29
"If your brother or sister is distressed because of what you eat, you are no longer acting in love. Do not by your eating destroy someone for whom Christ died." - Romans 14:15

Don't eat it!!

The issue appears again in Revelation 2:14. And there, the Lord Jesus chastises a church in modern-day Turkey for consuming meat which was sacrificed to idols.
“To the angel of the church in Pergamum write: [] I have a few things against you: There are some among you who hold to the teaching of Balaam, But I have a few things against you: you have some there who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to cast a stumbling block before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication. Repent therefore!" - Revelation 2:12,14-16 
Does He therefore contradict Paul?


Stumbling Blocks and Authorities:

The key is found in the fourth passage, Acts 15:23-29.  There the council of elders makes several demands on the Gentiles in Turkey for the sake of preserving good relations with the Jewish population.  Among them is to abstain from eating meat which has been sacrificed to idols:
"The apostles, the elders, and the brethren, To the brethren who are of the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia:
Greetings. Since we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, “You must be circumcised and keep the law”—to whom we gave no such commandment— [] it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things: that you abstain from things offered to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell."
In other words, the council takes the caveat which Paul mentioned about abstaining from meat if it is a stumbling block to others... and promulgates it as a disciplinary command to the Christians in Turkey.

Thus, there's two things going wrong if those Christians in Turkey start eating food which is sacrificed to idols.  First, they're spoiling relations with their Jewish neighbors - or as Jesus says in Revelation 2:14, "Putting a stumbling block before Israel." 

Second, they were disobeying legitimate ecclesial authority which taught them to stop doing that.  Even if there's nothing intrinsically wrong with eating food sacrificed to idols, there IS something wrong with them disobeying lawful commands given by their religious leaders. 

And thus, Jesus condemns these actions in Revelation 2, but it doesn't contradict Paul.


4 comments:

  1. FYI, the reference to putting a stumbling block before the children of Israel is part of the clause describing what Balaam taught Balak in Rev 2:14. It does not apply to the clause about eating food offered or sacrificed to idols.

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    1. There I must disagree with you. Jesus, in Revelation, is saying they are acting in the same fashion as Balaam. They are preventing the Jews from entering the promised land (of Christ's covenant) by putting stumbling blocks in the way.

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    1. No problem! I'm happy this little essay was helpful.

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